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Acne results from excess oil production, blocked hair follicles, bacterial overgrowth, and inflammation. Hormonal changes, certain medications, and genetic predisposition can increase the risk. External factors such as heavy skin creams, occlusive cosmetics, heat, or humidity may also trigger or worsen acne.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and patient history. The type, number, and location of lesions such as comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, or cysts are assessed to classify acne as mild, moderate, or severe. Family history, medication use, previous skin conditions, and psychosocial impact are also considered.

Treatment depends on severity. Topical therapies include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, and salicylic acid to unclog pores and reduce bacteria and inflammation. More severe or persistent acne may require oral antibiotics or isotretinoin. The goal is to prevent new lesions and minimize inflammation rather than immediately remove existing scars.

Good skin care reduces acne risk. Wash gently twice daily with a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser. Avoid heavy or greasy cosmetics and do not pick or squeeze pimples. Limit scrubbing and avoid irritants. Avoid known triggers such as certain cosmetics, sunbeds, or hot and humid conditions. Maintaining overall skin hygiene and a healthy lifestyle supports long-term skin health.

Acne is common during adolescence but can persist into adulthood. The social and psychological impact of acne, including low self-esteem or distress over appearance, is important to recognize. If acne is severe, does not respond to basic treatments, or leads to scarring, consult a dermatologist for specialized care.

While diet can play a role in acne development, there's no one-size-fits-all answer. Some studies suggest that high-glycemic foods and dairy products may contribute to acne in some individuals. However, it varies from person to person. Maintaining a balanced diet with whole foods, staying hydrated, and avoiding excessive dairy and high-glycemic foods can be beneficial for skin health.

Sunscreen is crucial for protecting the skin, but some sunscreens can clog pores and exacerbate acne. Look for non-comedogenic, oil-free, and water-based sunscreens that are designed for acne-prone skin. Broad-spectrum sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher are recommended. It's essential to protect your skin from UV damage while also considering your skin type and needs.

A consistent skincare routine is essential for preventing acne, especially if you have a history of breakouts. A gentle cleanser, exfoliation (with a product containing salicylic acid or alpha hydroxy acids), and a non-comedogenic moisturizer can help maintain clear skin. Avoid harsh products, excessive scrubbing, and picking at your skin, which can worsen acne.

This phenomenon is known as "purging" and is very common with treatments like Differin and Effezel. Because these ingredients speed up skin cell turnover, deep-seated impurities are brought to the surface faster than usual. This may look like a breakout, but it is actually a sign that the treatment is cleaning out your pores. We advise you to be patient; this typically clears up after 4 to 6 weeks.